American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN) Practice Exam 2026 - Free ABPN Practice Questions and Study Guide

In the context of meningitis, neck stiffness is a key clinical finding that can be assessed through specific physical examination signs. Kernig's sign and Brudzinski's sign are both important indicators in diagnosing meningitis.

Kernig's sign is demonstrated by the inability to fully extend the knee when the hip is flexed at a 90-degree angle. This symptom occurs due to irritation of the meninges which leads to discomfort or resistance during the examination.

Brudzinski's sign is characterized by involuntary lifting of the legs when the neck is flexed while the patient is lying down. This also indicates meningeal irritation and stiffness of the neck.

The presence of both signs assists in confirming the diagnosis of meningitis by indicating that the meninges are inflamed and that there is increased intracranial pressure, both of which are typical in this condition. Therefore, both Kernig's and Brudzinski's signs being present in a patient with meningitis validates the clinical suspicion and ensures a thorough evaluation of the neurological status of the patient.