American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN) Practice Exam 2026 - Free ABPN Practice Questions and Study Guide

The diagnosis indicated by extreme sadness, feelings of worthlessness, and possible suicidality following the loss of a loved one is best categorized as pathological grief. This condition goes beyond the typical process of grieving and reflects a more intense, prolonged, and impairing reaction to loss that can include severe emotional pain, guilt, and suicidal ideation.

In contrast, normal bereavement encompasses the range of emotional responses that people typically experience after a loss, such as sadness and yearning, but these feelings usually evolve over time and do not reach such extreme levels. Anticipatory grief refers to the emotions experienced prior to an impending loss, often in the context of terminal illness, and would not be characterized by the immediate aftermath of loss as indicated in the question. Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder characterized by episodes of mania and depression, which is not specifically a response to loss but rather a chronic condition with recurring episodes irrespective of external situations.

In summary, pathological grief is recognized when the grieving process typically associated with loss becomes excessive enough to impair functioning and elicits severe symptoms such as pervasive feelings of worthlessness and potential suicidality. Recognizing this distinction is essential for providing appropriate intervention and support to individuals navigating their grief.